Cylinder honing



April 6, 194 8. v. W. PETERSON CYLINDER HONING Filed Feb. 17, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 fill/672.2507 Vict m" Zd P6 Zerqam April 6, 1948. v. w; PETERSON 39,317

CYLINDER HONING Filed Feb. 17, 1944 :s Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Apr. 6, 1948 CYLINDER HONING Victor W. Peterson, Chicago, 111.. assignor to 7' Hannifin Corporation, a corporation of Illinois Application February 17,1944, serial No. 522,690 I This invention relates to honing of cylinders and the like, and among other objects aims to Claims. (elm-134.3)

improve the efliciency and quality of honing opv erations.

The nature of the invention may be readily understood by reference to one illustrative embodiment thereof described in the following specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In said drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevation, diagrammatic in character, of a hone operating and controlling apparatus;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the hone pressure applying and controlling device;

Fig. 3 is an elevation partly in section on the plane 3-3 of Fig. 4 of a detail of the pressure applying apparatus; I

Fig. 4 is a plan section taken on the plane 5-4 of Figs. 2 and 3; I t

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of a detail take on the pline 5-5 of Fig. 4; g I

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of a honing head;

Fig. 7 is a cross view partly in section on the plane 1--1 of Fig. 6 showing details of the honing head, and

Fig. 8 is a view showing devices for adapting the honing head to diiierent bore diameters.

Honing, as applied to cylinders, such as cylindrical bores, is designed not only to provide surface finish but to provide a true and uniform bore. Heretofore it has been possible bymeans of honing to finish relatively short cylinders, such as engine cylinders, with satisfactory accuracy; this has not been true of cylinders which are many times longer than the honing tool itself. For example, in long cylinders the honing stone wear (which is essential to maintain an efficient cutting surface) in a single stroke of the hone is sufficient to result in a measurably smaller bore at the far end of the cylinder than at the near end. In the commercial type of hone, it is not customary nor indeed practicable to make an adjustment of the honing tool during a given stroke to compensate for stone wear. Adjustment is generally made at the end of a stroke when the honing head is at the entering (or near) end of the cylinder. If the adjustment of stone pressure be too great there will be excessive stone pressure often resulting in stone breakage and consequent loss of honing efficiency. It is important for honing efiiciency that stone pressure be maintained at its proper value throu hout the length of the bore, but it is equally important to I 2 control the stone pressure toavoid excessive pressure while maintaining a pressure sufliciently high forefllcient cutting.

According to; the present invention, the stone pressure is under instant and sensitive control of the operator at all points throughout the bore, and particularly the, stone pressure may bereduced or-increased during a single stroke to adjust the stone pressure to the proper value. If the stone pressure be excessive as evidenced by a gauge or bythe particular sound which thestones make the bore, the operator may immediately reduce pressure until proper honing conditions are restored. gSimilarly if thestone pressure be inadequate as evidenced by a gauge or by the sound of the stone in the. bore, the operator may sensitively increase such pressure V to the proper value and continue such adjustments intermediate the ends of the stroke at all stages of the honing operations; If the operator be provided with means for instantaneously adjusting stone pressure at any point in the stroke, the sound or "squeal? made by the stones in cutting affords a means for regulating the stone pressure. With little practice the operator cantell by the pitch of the squeal whether the pressure be too high, too lowor the correct pressure.

In the present instance pressure is transmitted to the honing stones hydraulically by means of a manually controlled (in this case manually operated) pressure supply device, thereby making it possible to effectslight changesin the pressure. This is not possible with a mechanical pressure applying means. since there is no means for determining the degree of adjustment in pressure changes made by a given mechanical adjustment. I l I y In the drawings (Fig. 1); one form of bone operating apparatus is shown diagrammatically for purposes of illustration. The invention is not limited to any particular operating apparatus. Ingthe present case'the honing head I0 carrying a plurality of honing stones II is. reciprocated and, if desired, rotated oroscillated bya spindle l2 to which it is connectedby a universal joint [3 of conventional design. The spindle I2 is reciprocated by a double acting cylinder and piston It, the details of whichit is not necessary here to describe. Rotation or oscillation of the spindle (andthe honing head) is efiected, if desired, by the mechanism l5 through which the spindle l2 (which is non-circular in section. e. g., square) slides. r a x j Extendinglongitudinally of thespindle l2 and preferably] lying .in a groove in or inside the larger diameter by the use of inserts 89 of various depth (see Fig. 8). The insert bases are shouldered at 90 to seat in the grooves 19 in carriers 12 and are held therein by screws passing through the holes 9! in the base of the inserts and screwed into threaded holes 92 in the carriers 72. Like the carriers the inserts are provided with stone receiving grooves 93.

In operation, the hone and pressure applying mechanism reciprocates suficiently slowly to permit the operator to make the necessary manipulations while in motion.

In operation, it is apparent that honing stone pressure is under the sensitive control of the operator at all stages of the honing cycle.

Obviously the invention is not limited to the details of the illustrative apparatus since these may be variously modified. Moreover, it is not indispensable that all features of the invention be used conjointly since various features may be used to advantage in different combinations and subcombinations.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. Honing apparatus comprising in combination a hydraulically expansible honing head including a hydraulically actuated cylinder for controlling honing pressure, a reciprocating cross-head and an elongated spindle carried thereby for operating said honing head, a hydraulic line carried by said spindle for conducting hydraulic pressure to said honing head cylinder, means connected with said cross-head for reciprocating said spindle and honing head, means including la, small manually operated hydraulic pump and a low capacity accumulator therefor carried on and reciprocating with said cross-head for sensitively increasing and decreasing hydraulic pressure to said cylinder during operation of the hone to control the honing pressure, and a rotary hydraulic connection at the crosshead end of said spindle for connecting said accumulator with said line for transmitting pressure from said accumulator to said line.

2. A honing head comprising in combination a cylindrical body, a plurality of radially movable honing stones around said body, a hydraulic cylinder in said body having a longitudinally movable piston therein, said body having a connection for delivering pressure fluid to said cylinder, means for transmitting radial force from said longitudinally movable piston to said honing stones for moving the latter radially outwardly, and a stop rod extending longitudinally through said body and adapted to engage said piston to limit its forward movement, said rod being threaded into the end of said body opposite said piston and having means on the exterior of said body for rotating said rod to vary the limits of movement of said piston.

3. In honing apparatus the combination comprising a honing head having means actuated by hydraulic pressure for variably increasing and decreasing honing pressure, means for applying hydraulic pressure to said head to control the honing pressure including a low capacity accumulator wherein the pressure is quickly changeable, a liquid reservoir, a hydraulic line leading from said accumulator to said honing head to operate said hydraulically actuated means, said accumulator having elastic means for yieldably sustaining hydraulic pressure, said pressure varying with the volume of liquid in said accumulator, and means effective during operation or the hone for sensitively increasing and decreasing at will the volume of liquid in said accumulator to increase and decrease honing pressure comprising a manually operated pump, a passage connecting the inlet of the pump to the reservoir, a passage connecting the outlet of the pump to the accumulator, a passage connecting the reservoir and the accumulator, and a manually operated valve in the last named passage for bleeding liquid from the accumulator into the reservoir.

4. In honing apparatus including mechanism for reciprocating and oscillating a honing head, the combination comprising a honing head having hydraulically actuated means responsive to hydraulic pressure for variably increasing and decreasing honing pressure, means for applying hydraulic pressure to said head to control the honing pressure including a low capacity variable pressure accumulator cylinder whose pressure varies substantially with the volume of liquid therein and having spring means for yieldably sustaining hydraulic pressure of the liquid, a

hydraulic line connecting said accumulator cylinder with said honing head, a small capacity manually operated hydraulic pump effective during operation of the hone connected to the accumulator cylinder for increasing manually at will the volume of liquid therein, and a manually operated valve connected with the accumulator cylinder for decreasing manually at will the volume of liquid therein.

5. Honing apparatus comprising in combination a honing head having therein means including a hydraulic cylinder for variably increasing and decreasing honing pressure, head reciprocating and oscillating mechanism, a variable pressure accumulator carried by and reciprocating with said mechanism and being of such low capacity that its pressure varies substantially with the volume of liquid therein, a hydraulic line connecting said accumulator with said cylinder and having a rotatable hydraulic coupling to convey liquid pressure to the head oscillating mechanism, resilient means for yieldably sus taining liquid pressure in said cylinder, and manually operated means for sensitively increasing and decreasing the accumulator pressure at will during operation of thehone to control the honing pressure, said last named means comprising a manually operated pump connected to the accumulator for increasing the volume of liquid therein and a manually operated valve for decreasing the volume of liquid therein.

VICTOR W. PETERSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,141,491 Searles Dec. 27, 1938 2,148,337 Blood Feb. 21, 1939 2,195,056 Wallace Mar. 26, 1940 2,213,027 Indge Aug. 27, 1940 2,229,318 Wallace Jan. 21, 1941 2,251,607 Astrowski et al. Aug. 5, 1941 2,257,474 McKeon Sept. 30, 1941 2,262,721 Flygare et al Nov. 11, 1941 2,265,800 Connor et al. Dec. 9, 1941 2,284,134 Connor May 26, 1942. 2,290,739 Chapman July 21, 1942 

